Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common and often preventable condition that affects the tissues supporting the teeth, including the gums, bones, and ligaments.

It typically develops due to the accumulation of dental plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, on the teeth and gums. There are two main stages of gum disease:

Gingivitis:

Gingivitis is the earliest and mildest form of gum disease.

It is characterized by inflammation of the gums (gingiva).

Common signs and symptoms of gingivitis include:

Redness and swelling of the gums.

Gums that bleed when brushing or flossing.

Bad breath.

Gum tenderness or discomfort.

Gingivitis is usually caused by poor oral hygiene, which leads to the accumulation of plaque on the teeth and gum line.

Fortunately, gingivitis is reversible with proper oral care, including regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings.

Periodontitis:

If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, which is a more severe form of gum disease. Periodontitis involves the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the bone and connective tissues. There are different stages and levels of periodontitis, ranging from mild to advanced.

Signs and symptoms of periodontitis may include:

Gum recession, leading to the exposure of tooth roots.

Pockets form between the teeth and gums.

Loose or shifting teeth.

Changes in the way teeth fit together when biting.

Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth.

Gum abscesses or the formation of pus.

Treatment for periodontitis typically involves more intensive dental cleanings, scaling and root planing (a deep cleaning procedure), and sometimes surgical interventions to remove damaged tissue or regenerate bone.

Risk factors for gum disease include poor oral hygiene, smoking or tobacco use, genetics, certain medical conditions (such as diabetes), hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or menopause), medications that reduce saliva flow, and a diet high in sugar and carbohydrates.

It’s important to recognize and address gum disease promptly, as untreated periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and may have systemic health implications, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes complications, and other health problems. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are essential for early detection and management of gum disease. Practicing good oral hygiene habits at home, including brushing, flossing, and using an antiseptic mouthwash, can help prevent gum disease from developing or progressing.